Paper Title
The Optimal Sizing and Energy Management of a Super Capacitor/Battery System Based on State-of-Health Factor
Abstract
This study introduces the State-of-Healths (SOHs) of batteries and supercapacitors(SCs) into the energy
management strategy of dual-energy-source electric vehicles (EVs). Based on the parameters of the Tesla Model S Plaid, a
control-oriented electric vehicle model architecture is established using MATLAB/Simulink engineering simulation
software. Through a literature search on the four major indices of energy sources: power density, energy density and specific
price, a cost function is designed for battery/SCs size optimization with the objective of minimizing cost. The Equivalent
Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and Rule-Based Control (RBC) were employed as energy management
strategies. A five-cycle FTP-75 driving pattern was used to evaluate the energy consumption. Simulation results show that:
for optimal sizing, the SC module was 0.47 kWh while the battery module was 74.53 kWh. For optimal energy management,
the ECMS strategy yielded the lowest energy consumption of 13.99 kWh when the SOHs of the lithium battery and SCswere
90% and 80%, respectively. In comparison, the energy consumption under the RBC strategy was 22.05 kWh which indicates
that the energy consumption improvement rate was 36% comparing ECMS to RBC. The bionic optimization algorithms and
the real-vehicle implementation will be conducted in the future.
Keywords - State of Health, Rule Based Control, Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy, Electric Vehicle